Fusion Splice vs Mechanical Splice

When it comes to connecting optical fibers in fiber optic communications, two common methods are widely used: fusion splice and mechanical splice. Both techniques serve the purpose of joining optical fibers, but they differ in terms of their processes and advantages. In this post, we will delve into the basics of fusion splicing and mechanical splicing, explore their processes, and highlight the key differences between the two.

Fusion Splicing:

Fusion splicing is a technique that involves permanently joining two optical fibers by melting their ends together. This creates a continuous path for light to travel through. Here’s how fusion splicing works:

a. Fiber Preparation: Strip the protective coatings on the fibers, clean the fibers, and cut them to have smooth and flat ends.

b. Alignment: Use fusion splicing equipment to carefully align the prepared fibers, making sure the cores of the fibers are perfectly matched up.

c. Fusion: Heat the aligned fibers at their ends. This heat melts the fibers and fuses them into a single, continuous fiber.

d. Protection: After fusion, use a protective sleeve or heat shrink tube to cover the spliced area. It will provide mechanical strength and protect the joint from external factors.

Advantages of Fusion Splicing:

• Low insertion loss: Fusion splices offer low signal loss, making the transmission more efficient.
• High reliability: Fusion splicing creates a strong and durable connection that can withstand changes in temperature, vibrations, and moisture, ensuring a stable and reliable signal transmission.
• Suitable for single-mode fibers: Fusion splicing is commonly used for single-mode fibers, which are designed for sending signals over long distances with high data capacity.

Mechanical Splicing:

Mechanical splicing is a method of connecting optical fibers by aligning them mechanically using a special connector, instead of using fusion splicing which involves melting the fibers together.

Here’s an overview of the mechanical splicing process:

a. Fiber Preparation: Similar to fusion splicing, prepare the fibers by removing the protective coating, cleaning them, and cutting them to the desired length.

b. Alignment: Insert the prepared fibers into a mechanical splice connector, which helps align the ends of the fibers accurately.

c. Clamping:  The connector clamps the fibers together, creating a physical connection between them.

d. Index Matching:  Some mechanical splice connectors use index-matching gel or adhesive to minimize signal loss at the connection point.

Advantages of Mechanical Splicing:

• Quick and easy:  Mechanical splicing is a simpler and faster process compared to fusion splicing. It does not require specialized fusion splicing equipment.
• Reusable:  Mechanical splices are often reusable. It’s convenient to reconfigure or repair connections.
• Cost-effective: Mechanical splicing is generally a more affordable option for short-distance or temporary fiber connections.

Differences between Fusion Splicing and Mechanical Splicing:

• Performance: Fusion splicing usually has lower insertion loss and higher reliability than mechanical splicing.
• Complexity: Fusion splicing needs special equipment and skills. Mechanical splicing is easier and can be done with basic tools.
• Applicability: Fusion splicing is commonly used for single-mode fibers and long-distance connections. Mechanical splicing works well for both single-mode and multi-mode fibers, especially in short-distance or temporary connections.

Conclusion:

Fusion splicing and mechanical splicing are two different ways of connecting optical fibers. Fusion splicing creates a strong and permanent connection that is good for long-distance transmission with minimal loss of signal. On the other hand, mechanical splicing is a quicker and more affordable option for short-distance or temporary connections. It’s important to understand the basics, procedures, and distinctions between these techniques in order to choose the right method for specific fiber optic needs.

Mechanical Splicer Operation video

Fusion Splicer operation

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